Requirements to be a US Senator

Requirements to be a U.S. Senator are established in Article I, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution.  The Senate is the United States higher legislative chamber (the House of Representatives being the lower chamber), containing 100 members. If you have dreams of becoming one of the two senators who represent each state for six-year terms, you might want to check the Constitution first. The guiding document for our government specifically spells out the requirements to be a senator. Individuals must be: At least 30 years oldA U.S. citizen for at least nine years at the time of election to the SenateA resident of the state one is elected to represent in the Senate Similar to those for being a U.S. Representative, the Constitutional requirements for being a Senator focus on age, U.S. citizenship, and residency. In addition, the post-Civil War Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits any person who has taken any federal or state oath swearing to support the Constitution, but later took part in a rebellion or otherwise aided any enemy of the U.S. from serving in the House or Senate. These are the only requirements for the office that are specified in Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution, which reads, No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. Unlike U.S. Representatives, who represent the people of specific geographic districts within their states, U.S. Senators represent all of the people in their states. Senate vs. House Requirements Why are these requirements for serving in the Senate more restrictive than those for serving the House of Representatives? In the 1787 Constitutional Convention, delegates looked to British law in setting age, citizenship, and residency or â€Å"inhabitancy† qualifications for senators and representatives, but voted not to adopt proposed religion and property ownership requirements. Age The delegates debated the minimum age for senators after they had set the age for representatives at 25. Without debate, the delegates voted to set the minimum age for senators at 30. James Madison justified the higher age in Federalist No. 62, stating the due to the more impactful nature of the â€Å"senatorial trust,† a â€Å"greater extent of information and stability of character,† was needed for senators than for representatives. Interestingly, English law at the time set the minimum age for members of the House of Commons, the lower chamber of Parliament, at 21, and at 25 for members of the upper house, the House of Lords. Citizenship English law in 1787 strictly prohibited any person not born in â€Å"the kingdoms of England, Scotland, or Ireland† from serving in either chamber of Parliament. While some delegates might have favored such a blanket ban for the U.S. Congress, none of them proposed it. An early proposal by Gouverneur Morris of Pennsylvania included a 14-year U.S. citizenship requirement for senators. However, the delegation voted against Morris’ proposal, voting instead for the current 9-year period, two years longer than the 7-year minimum they had earlier adopted for the House of Representatives. Notes from the convention indicate that the delegates considered the 9-year requirement to be a compromise â€Å"between a total exclusion of adopted citizens† and an â€Å"indiscriminate and hasty admission of them.† Residency Recognizing the fact that many American citizens may have lived abroad for some time, the delegates felt a minimum U.S. residency, or â€Å"inhabitancy† requirement should apply to the members of Congress. While England’ Parliament had repealed such residency rules in 1774, none of the delegates spoke for such rules for Congress. As a result, the delegates voted to require that members of the both the House and Senate be inhabitants of the states from which they were elected but placed no minimum time periods limits on the requirement. Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer and a former copy editor for The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper. Updated by Robert Longley

Compare and Contrast Brutus and Macbeth - 1485 Words

Brutus vs. Macbeth through Power, Ambition, and Honor â€Å"Absolute power corrupts absolutely,† unless one knows how to use it, it shall not corrupt. Everyone has ambitions, a strong desire of achieving great things, and some will do whatever it takes to achieve their goal. Honor is a title one receives through their noble acts; but some honorable and strongly ambitious people may go as far as to give up their noble title to accomplish their purpose. William Shakespeare is a well-known English poet and playwright, a big participant in creating the English language. Among his twelve tragedies, two has very similar plot and tragic heroes. The play Julius Caesar is about a noble, honorable, and trusted man named Brutus, who killed his friend and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"It must be by his death; and for my part,/ I know no personal cause to spurn at him,/ but for the general.† (Julius Caesar, II.i.10-12). Brutus has no other reason to kill Caesar than for the gr eater good of Rome, whereas Macbeth killed more than three people for his own benefit. Macbeth first kills Duncan to become king; then Banquo and his son to make sure that they shall not be kings, but unfortunately for him, Fleance escaped; and finally Macduff’s family, though he was mainly aiming for Macduff himself. The heroes’ ambitious deed also led them to lose everything. Aforementioned, Brutus only killed Caesar for the good of Rome. However, in allowing Mark Anthony to speak at Caesar’s funeral, Brutus made himself and the conspirators the most hated people in Rome. To have the citizens despise him was not what Brutus had planned, therefore he has lost half of what he had—admiration from the people, the meaning of his life. To make matters worse, Portia, Brutus’s noble wife, killed herself by swallowing coal. It is not known if Brutus had other family members, therefore it can safely be concluded that he had lost everything, his fame and wi fe. Macbeth falls in a similar matter, first losing his friend and relative Duncan; then his comrade in the field, Banquo; his wife; and most importantly himself. For killing countless people, Macbeth’s guilt slowly builds in him, and at his end, was exposed in theShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Between Shakesperean Tragic Heroes1386 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay Shakespeare Tragic Heroes: Macbeth and Brutus Kyla Yu English 11 August 4th, 2008 William Shakespeare is a world renowned English poet and playwright famous for many tragic plays such as Macbeth and Julius Caesar. These two plays both contain tragic heroes with Marcus Brutus from Julius Caesar, and Macbeth from Macbeth. A tragic hero is defined as a protagonist of high standing with heroic or potential heroic abilities who must oppose some external or internalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare and Macbeth8813 Words   |  36 Pageshero was to be pitied in his fallen plight but not necessarily forgiven: Greek tragedy frequently has a bleak outcome. Christian drama, on the other hand, always offers a ray of hope; hence,  Macbeth  ends with the coronation of  Malcolm, a new leader who exhibits all the correct virtues for a king. Macbeth  exhibits elements that reflect the greatest Christian tragedy of all: the Fall of Man. In the Genesis story, it is the weakness of Adam, persuaded by his wife (who has in turn been seduced byRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesYou may choose a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable quality. Avoid mere plot summary. An American Tragedy Light in August Anna Karenina Long Day’s Journey into the Night Antigone Lord Jim Beloved Macbeth Crime and Punishment Medea Death of a Salesman Moby-Dick Ethan Frome Oedipus Rex Faust Phedre Fences Ragtime For Whom the Bell Tolls Sent for You Yesterday Frankenstein Tess of the D’Urbervilles Hedda Gabler Read MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesthe dominant mood or emotional tone of a work of art, as of a play or novel: the chilly atmosphere of a ghost story. 13. antithesis- opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction. *Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. Barry Goldwater *Brutus: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar 14. Anecdote A very short tale told by a character in a

The Environment, what are the issues Free Essays

It is a fair assessment to say that as a race we humans have not really cared for our environment as well as we could have. As a world we face some major changes to the environment, which can be looked at in three main reason. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Environment, what are the issues? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Increases in the World’s population. There has been a major increase in the amount of people who live on the planet. It is estimated that the population has increased by over 75 million per year. That means that it has been predicted that by 2050 the world population is expected to be at 9 billion. 2. The increased use of natural resources, which cannot be replaced. Due to advances in technology we are becoming more reliant on them. We are using up natural resources (like coal, oil and wood) to turn them into energy (like electricity). When these resources are used, they change the environment. They are making by ~ products like carbon monoxide and toxic chemicals. 3. People want more material things than ever before. People who live in countries like ours have a higher standard of living and expect to have a comfortable lifestyle. People who live in less economically developed countries want the same lifestyle. How are people interacting with the environment? If we all lived with the same attitudes to the world, we would not be facing the issues we are today. But we know that every one of us has a different set of priorities and as such are exploiting the environment to achieve our own aims. If we look at the Tropical rainforests we can see this in action. The tropical rainforests cover up to a third of the world’s surface. My species of animals live there and many of them are unique to that area. If one area is changed / damaged this will have a knock on effect to the rest of the world. If you like it is a kind of jigsaw that fits together. When one piece is missing, the eco system is not complete. The trees in the rainforests are important for a number of reasons: 1. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. 2. Without forests radiation bounces back into the atmosphere raising the temperatures. 3. This could alter the air circulation (convection). 4. It is also involved in recycling the water in the earth to return as rainfall in other parts of the world. 5. Streams will disappear if the forests are not there to store the water. This is happening now in parts of Africa! How to cite The Environment, what are the issues?, Papers

Costco company analysis free essay sample

Costco Wholesale Corporation operates an international chain of membership warehouses, manly under the â€Å"Costco Wholesale† name, that carry quality, brand name merchandise at substantially lower prices than are typically found at conventional wholesale or retail sources. The company is in rapid growth in recent years. Its number of warehouses increased to 634 in 2013 with its net sales and net income grew to 103 billion and 2 billion respectively. However, as the company is entering different geographic market segmentations and expanding its business in North America, it is facing fiercer competition in nowadays than in any other period before. Meanwhile, its potential problems in membership format are in exposure. Effective measurements and solutions are in urgent need for the company. In this report, we will basically cover four areas: examine and identify key information and issues about â€Å"Costco Wholesale Corporation† for business intelligence requirements; study the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and objectively report its operational business information; provide data on company financial performance and competitive benchmarking; make recommendations to the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Costco company analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Summary of Costco SWOT analysis: Strengths 1. premium services and products for club members 2. Price positioning leads to increased customer loyalty 3. Low cost operating model 4. favourable employee relationship Weaknesses 1. Limited product choice 2. strained relationship with suppliers Opportunities 1. Ancillary Business 2. Strong growth in Asian markets 3. Growing demand for private label brands Threats 1. Business and operating threats 2. External threats 3. Legal and regulatory threats COMPANY ANALYSIS Continued†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. working on it INDUSTRY ANALYSIS As a giant warehouse-retailer, Costco Wholesale Corporation is in the warehouse club industry that comprises retail stores selling a selection of nationally branded and private label merchandise within a wide range of product categories on lower prices. The nature of warehouse club industry is a small part of retail industry, whose customers are annually paid members in exchange for receiving low retail prices on a wide range of merchandise. Studies have shown that on average, consumers who are members of a warehouse club typically save 30% off of brand name products (wiseGEEK). Warehouse clubs offer their paid members low prices but require them to purchase comparatively large or wholesale quantities of products. This, to some extent, makes the industry to be attractive to bargain hunters and owners of small businesses (Kotler, et al 2013). In addition, rapid inventory turnover, high sales volume and reduced operating costs enable warehouse clubs to operate at lower gross margins of 8% to 14% than discount chains, supermarkets and supercenters, which operate on gross margins of 20% to 40% (Warehouse Club Industry Guide, 2010). On the other hand, the global retail industry continued to grow despite challenging economic conditions and built on the rebound in growth that started in 2010. Sales-weighted, currency-adjusted retail revenue rose 4. 9% to US$4. 29 trillion for the world’s Top 250 retailers in fiscal 2012, building on the previous year’s 5. 1% growth. Nearly 80% of the Top 250 retailers (199 companies) posted an increase in retail revenue (Deloitte, 2014). According to research from MarketLine, market expansion is expected to record yearly growth of close to 5% through 2015 to exceed $13. 2 trillion in global retail market (ReportLinker). According to Deloitte’s 2014 Global Powers of Retailing Report, it identifies the 250 largest retailers around the world based on publicly available data for fiscal 2012 encompassing companies’ fiscal years ended through to June 2013; however, here mainly focuses on the Top 10 retailers’ analysis. As shown on the above table in Deloitte’s report, with 5% revenue growth, retail giant Wal-Mart increased its lead in 2012. Carrefour, formerly the world’s second largest retailer in 2011 (see Appendix A), fell to fourth place since its declining sales. Tesco, second place in the ranking, was also impacted by discontinued operations, having decided to shutter its Fresh Easy operations in the United States. It was also a year of transformation for Metro Group. The changes that Metro sold its parts of unit and operation dropped it from fourth to seventh place. Meanwhile, a double-digit sales gain boosted Costco from sixth place to third in 2012. And Target joined the top 10 leader board for the first time in 2012, replacing Walgreen (Deloitte, 2014). As a group, with retail revenue growth of 4.2% vs. 4. 9%, the top 10 grew more slowly than the Top 250 in 2012. Profitability for the broader group also has been lagged by that of the leaders. At 2. 8%, the composite net profit margin of top 10 was moderated by the restructuring activity that occurred in 2012. Lower overall profitability also reflects the focus of most of the top 10 retailers on lower-margin, fast-moving consumer goods. Despite a slimmer profit margin, the top 10 generat ed a higher return on assets, posting a composite ROA of 5. 8% vs. 5.0% for the Top 250. The leader group as a whole is much more globally active than the Top 250 retailers overall. On average, the top 10 had retail operations in 16. 3 countries in 2012, compared with 10 countries for the Top 250 (Deloitte, 2014). The world’s 10 largest retailers generated almost one-third of their combined retail revenue from foreign operations in 2012; this compares with less than one-quarter of total Top 250 revenue. Notably, two of the five U. S. companies in the top 10 had no international operations. Conversely, four of the five European companies in the top 10 derived the majority of their revenue from outside their home countries (Deloitte, 2014). Throughout the analysis, with many retailers facing challenging economic conditions in local markets, there has been a clear drive to seek growth opportunities overseas in countries with stronger economic conditions and growth prospects. Overall, this is a strong and growing industry. The major challenge to the growth would be a loss in stability. This makes survival more of a concern and lessens the need for new challenges.