Financial Reporting and Analysis for Decision Making Essay

Financial Reporting and Analysis for Decision Making - Essay Example There appears no true definition under the ordinance or the HKAS.  Most cases require the knowledge of the accountant discretion. When companies comply with the Company’s Ordinance the HKAS depicts the situation as true and fair. The moment there appears a problem; the term comes straight from the legislative or the investment discretion (Oporowski, 2005). Hong Kong citizens tend to analyze the connection found among corporate operation reporting releases. Basing the argument to the results of a, certain company in, Hong Kong years 2011 shows that, Firms experiencing a high earning level, rarely releases the information to the yearly press disclosure. Companies that end up releasing their press disclosures display a heightened impression management. The implication here proves that managers who handle their practices engage in it at varied levels related to the firms’ communications. The ultimate information found in such communications proves that the corporations re lease information that lures the outsiders to view the firm’s performance in a way that they desire (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, 2011). Analysis of the Topic Issue Using Financial Theory The issues on manipulation The manipulation of data by the managers creates a wrong impression of the company, which later affects the issuance, and the content of the yearly results press releases. The manipulation of the financial reports leaves the public with numerous questions. The questions range from; whether the firm is trying to run away from legal implications, or it just wants to limit the information about the firm that can be viewed by the members of the public. Managers utilize the secretive nature presented by the members of the press release in facilitating manipulating figure to lure the customers and potential investors of the credibility of their corporate bodies. Another possible reason for the act comes from, or excluding the amount of individuals to re duce impression operations in the Hong Kong Accounting Standard (HKAS) 1 or entirely shun the release practice. Some researchers such as Godfrey et al argue that; earning management directly relates to graphical perception management coupled with explanatory impression management (Agarwal, 2002) Disclosures relating to noteworthy events, balances and transactions The impression can be traced at a glance by critical close look at the earning managements and impression management that are released earlier. Most managers tend to release the organization financial information by the use of the third quarter earnings of the organizational report. The study induces more literature as it constantly deals with the releases of Hong Kong Accounting Standard (HKAS) 1 (Revised). Previous analyses prove the application of manipulation practices in the press release data. The results this ends up affecting the stock markets shares prices (Financial Management Association, 1972) Auditors’ r emuneration The disclosure requirement where the issuers are expected by the line 2(h) in the Board’s main rules to give full information on the auditors and non auditors salary included in the corporate government report. The issuers’ failure to disclose the characteristics of non-audit assignments

Essay example --

Thorfinn Karlsefni Exploring North America (980-1000’s): Thorfinn Karlsefni and his Scandinavian crew filled a ship with 65 men and 5 men in compliance to share the different goods found within the discovered lands. The crew arrived at Leifs-Booths discovering cattle, food, and other resourceful commodities, which they collected. Then set a sail they discovered a group of people known as â€Å"Skrellings† whom were found in Greenland. The colossal bulls in this new territory scared the cattle from Karlsefni’s ship. Both Karlsefni’s crew and the Skrellings were terrified by the anarchy and were trying to survive. However, not knowing each other’s language made the survival techniques that much more difficult, but eventually both were able to trade merchandises with each other. Thorfinn’s and his wife Gudrid son was later born. Eventually the Scandanivian colonists met no other people and left Vinland to return to Greenland. (137 Words) Europe’s Recovery in the 1400’s: Europe dealt with many burdening issues during the late 1300’s such as the Black Death and had also felt threatened by superior powers’ (Muslims) whom were wealthy, obtained advanced technology, and had overall supremacy. However, many European leaders still traded with Turkish and Muslim markets for valuable goods. Although the European leaders tried to find an alternative route they found that the publication of books would help assist fellow citizens to understand the history and disadvantages they had with the Far East. Undoubtedly the Europeans became more educated. Finally, the Prince Ferdinand and Queen Isabella defeated a Muslim principality in order to gain leadership and ultimately create Spain. Spain was more than accepting of the Italian immigrants. This app... ... slaves for the Spaniards. (158 Words) Hernan Cortes and the Conquistadores-(1500-1600’s): The conquistadores were known to privately enterprise different military leaders in order to make a profit. One of the more popular conquistadores Hernan Cortes was a leader of the Spanish Conquistadores. There were many different rankings, which established the wealth and value of each conquistador. This ranged from either an extremely wealthy noble man to poor, gambling slaves. Cortes was an officer from a lower class stance but in time he was able to attain an entire population of the valley â€Å"Oaxaca† to follow his rule. Having such governance Cortes was then able to lead an expedition, which nearly abolished the Aztec Empire. This expedition changed many less wealthy Spaniards perception into making them want to work harder and obtain more value in society. (124 Words)

District team

This is based on articulation levels in sport so they encourage people that don't play sport that often or those that generally doesn't play sports at all to get active. Performance This is to improve the athlete's performance as they already take part and are familiar in the sport this would happen by regular practice, competition or skill training. An example of this would be county trials when they identify potential talent within the team that they could work with to make improvements that they can move up to the excellence level. Excellence This is at national and international level that will practice for championships round the world.The UK sport is in charge at the excellence level of a range of sports so they made some rules about the support of funding and training for athletes. These are to help progress the athlete through to the next two stages, development of the athlete to reach the podiums and finally support them with realistic medal potential. Netball Foundation- Th is is the introduction of the sport and where they could take netball into a further career. In school they would start to play netball, they could participate in the sport on the playground with friends or in PEE lessons.They will learn the basic skills needed for netball which is throwing the ball. The more that they participate in sports when younger they are more likely to carry it on into older ages. Participation- This stage is probably happens when you first start secondary school and this is where they would take part in after school activities. At the after school clubs it is an opportunity to all year groups. This is optional to go to therefore the student continue to return due to physical, mental or social reasons. Performance- The age range is round 13 when they start to play for an academy, county or district team.This requires a lot more commitment as you would need to turn up to training as it isn't optional any more and more times in a week needed to participate. In the teams you will be with the same age range, performance and skill level. Excellence- This is where you go to competitions to compete against top teams. This is where you will find the top players performing. This is the highest level that you can reach in netball and only the ones who put time and effort in to the sport will get these rewards.

Cardiac Arrest A Huge Problem For The American Public

Cardiac arrest is a huge problem for the American public. According to the American heart association cardiac arrest kills around 200,000 to 300,000 people each year. There are numerous studies on ways to increase the survival rates and overall outcomes of these patients. Therapeutic hypothermia is one of the new and upcoming studies for post cardiac arrest care. It is used in various EMS agencies worldwide. It has shown significant improvements in patient’s outcome and reduced neurological deficits. There are specific indications for when therapeutic hypothermia can be used. Once indicated there are three phases involved which include induction, maintenance, and rewarming. Each phase is critical for successful treatment of the patient.†¦show more content†¦When the decision is made to use therapeutic hypothermia it is key to verify the patient meets the specific criteria for use. According to the American heart association the patient must be hemodynamically stable, comatose with Glasgow motor score of less than 6, have an arrest time of less than 60 minutes, among others. This criteria is imperative to achieve the greatest possible outcome for your patient. Conversely if the patient shows uncontrolled bleeding, is septic, or has uncontrollable dysrhythmias this procedure can have various harmful effects on the body. In general, hypothermia is usually well tolerated by the patient. According to neurologist Dr. Edgar Samaniego complications may include: 1) cardiac: arrhythmias, bradycardia, reduced ventricular contractility, and hypotension; 2) immunological: immunosuppression; 3) hematologic: thrombocytopenia and mild coagulopathy; 4) metabolic: shivering, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, ileum, and cold-induced diuresis. The most common complication is pneumonia, followed by asymptomatic bradycardia. These complications can be minimized by proper use of this procedure as well as continuous monitoring. Therapeutic hypothermia occurs in three phases, which include induction, maintenance, and rewarming. This process must be controlled to prevent and or control adverse reactions like arrhythmias, skin break down, and electrolyte imbalances. Maintaining the target body temperature is crucial